Apparatus for processing workpieces



Jan. 16, 1951 A. H. HANNON APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WORKPIECES 5Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 11, 1948 INVINTO H ALBERT H. HANNON BY A TTORN 5Y6 Jan. 16, 1951 A. H. HANNON APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WORKPIECES 5Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 11, 1948 mvln'rog ALBERT. H. HANNQN JW QJMATTORNEYS Jan. 16, 1951 A..H. HANNON APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WORKPIECES5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 11, 1948 lNVENTOH AL BERT H. HANNON ATTOHNEYS Jan. 16, 1951 A. H. HANNON APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WORKPIECES 5Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed MarCh 11, 1948 luvsu'ron ALBERT H. HANNON ymaw-m gm ATTORNEYS Jan. 16, 1951 A. H. HANNON ,5

APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WORKPIECES Fild March 11, 1948 5 Shee ts-Sheet5 M/vErvroIr .ALBERT H- HANNON ar- I I mum-M dam ATTORNEYS Patented Jan.I 16, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR PROCESSINGWORKPIECES,

Albert 11. Hannon, Springfield," Ohio, assigiror to Frederic B. Stevens,Inc.,

Michigan a corporation of Application March 11, 1948, semi No. 14,356

. production setups. In the case of all such members which are exposedto the atmosphere or to other corrosive influences, itis preferable thatthey be electro-plated with a coating which will inhibit or preventrusting, corrosion or deterioration.

Due to the fact that work members of this nature are quite small and, aspointed out above, must be produced in great quantity, it is notfeasible to process them by individual handling. Accordingly, anyelectro-processing such as plating must be carried out on the workpiecesin bulk.

Because of the difliculty of applying the plating material to the entiresurface of small Workpieces being handled in bulk, they are oftenimproperly coated at the end of the processing operation. 'Numerousattempts to design satisfactory plating machines for handling smallworkpieces in bulk have been made, but the resulting apparatus have notbeen entirely satisfactory.

Machines of this nature include barrel type machines in which" theworkpieces are placed in bulk in a perforated barrel which is immersedin or carried through a processing tank or tanks and which is rotated oroscillated in order to agitate the workpieces therein so that the entiresurfaces are exposed to the processing action.

Machines of this nature are relatively expensive, involve the problem ofloading and unloading the barrels, and are not particularly adapted forcertain automatic plating processes because of the great difference inthe lengths of time that 9 Claims. (Cl."204 202) complished in fromthree to five minutes, while the nickel plating will require from twentyminutes upwardly.

In the usual type automatic barrel machine, the nickel tank is thereforeapt to be from four toeight times as long as the copper tank. It will beevident that this would result in an unusually large machine withconsiderable waste space. Also, in barrel type machines there isconsiderable carry over of solution from one station to another unlesseach barrel is allowed considerable time to drain before it passes fromone tank to another.. This is especially true in connection with verysmall workpieces when the perforations in the barrel must be quitesmall.

Another disadvantage which is encountered in barrel type machines isthat the area of the path the workpieces must be subjected to thedifferent for electric current through the electrolyte is greatlyrestricted by the small holes in the barrel. Thus, for an electricplating cycle requiring possibly twoor three volts of actual potential,it is. customary to supply as much as 12 volts, the excess voltage beingrequired in order to carry sufiicient current through the restrictedpath between the anodes and workpieces and through the relatively smallapertures in the walls of the barrel.

The. primary object of the present invention is to provide animprovedmethod and apparatus especially adapted for processing smallworkpieces in bulk.

Another object of this invention is to provide an 'electro-processingunit adapted for handling small workpieces in bulk and which can bearranged in multiple with other similar units for an automaticplatingcycle.

Another object is to provide an electro processing machine for smallworkpieces in which the workpieces are handled in bulk but in which theloading and unloading of barrels and similar containers isentirelyeliminated A still further object is the provision of a bulkelectro-processing apparatus for small workpieces in which the entiresurface of all of the workpieces is exposed to the processing action.These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent uponreference to the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings in which:

1 Figure 1 is a side view of a machine constructed according to thisinvention;

Figure 2 is a plan view thereof;

Figures 3 through 6 are fragmentary views showing details ofconstruction in connection with the machine;

Figures '7 and 8 are fragmentary views showing modified constructions ofthe conveyor belt for the machine;

Figure 9 is a partial view showing how two or more of the machines canbe manifolded for automatically discharging the contents of one machineinto another;

Figure 10 illustrates a modified construction wherein a single conveyorbelt is arranged to pass,

through 9, plurality of processing tanks;

Figures 11 and 12 are views showing howthe drive between the conveyorbelt supporting-pulleys and the conveyor belt can be made more positive;I

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic view showing the electrical circuit forcontrolling the processing machine; and

Figures 14 and 15 are plan and side views, respectively, of a typicalautomatic setup employing a plurality of unit machines according to thisinvention.

General arrangement Pulleys at the edges of the tank support. the

conveyor belt and power is supplied to one or both of the pulleys fordriving the belt.

The conveyor belt is preferably of corrugated construction and has siderails formed integrally therewith. The cathode extends into the tank andtransversely across the bottom thereof above the conveyor belt andsuitable anodes are also suspended in the tank.

workpieces placed on the conveyor belt in the tank rest on the lowerpart of the conveyor belt and cover the cathode and are thus contactedby the said cathode.

To expose the surface of all of the workpieces to the anodes theconveyor belt is oscillated be tween predetermined limits.

Due to the slope of the belt at the sidesof'the tank, the workpieceswill be carried part way up the side of the tank by the belt and thenwill roll back. By oscillating the belt the work-piecesare rolled backand forth over the cathodeand over afiredetermined period of time willhave their entire surfaces exposed to the anodes.

After the plating cycle is completed the con- 7 veyor belt is runcontinuously in one direction and unloading cleats carried thereby carrythe workpieces out of the tank and discharge them over one of theconveyor belt supporting pulleys.

The tanks may be arranged in pairs side by side and with their conveyorbelt supporting pulleys mounted on a common shaft and with a singlepower source connected for driving said pulleys.

This arrangement permits the individual tanks to be employed forseparate plating cycles as, for example, one tank carrying out a copperplating cycle and the other tank carrying out a nickle plating cycle.The workpieces after being plated in one of the tanks are removedtherefrom and undergo a hand rinsing operation and then are placed inthe other of the tanks.

According to one modification, the discharge end of one tank is elevatedand extended so that the workpieces discharged from the said tank willfall directly into the tank of another unit setting end to end with thefirst unit.

According to another modification, the end to end relationship of thetanks may be accomplished in an integral unitand a single conveyor beltis arranged to pass through both of the said tanks.

Structural arrangement Referring to the drawings somewhat more indetail, Figures 1 and 2 show the preferred construction fora single unitmachine according to this invention, and wherein there are the tanks H)and 12 which are arranged side by side and each of which issubstantially V-shaped in cross section but with an arcuate bottomportion.

Supported at each edge of the tanks, as upon the bracket means I4, arethe pulle shafts I6 which carry the pulleys l8 over which the conveyorbelts 20 pass.

The conveyor belts 20 are formed of arubber or rubber like compositionand have their outer surfaces corrugated as at 22 and also preferablycomprise the upstanding side parts 24, the purpose of which will becomemore apparent hereinafter.

For causing thebelts 20 to follow the contour of the inside of the tankthrough which it passes, the said tank has secured to each side walladjacent the bottom and overlying the belt a guide member 26 which is ineffect an arcuate shoe which acts as a hold-down for the said belt.

Externally of the tank, the belt 20 passes over an idler puliey 28mounted at the bottom of the tank and urged by springs 30 to maintain apredetermined tension in the said belt.

The belts 20 also have formed thereon a plurality of cleats or ribmembers 32 which, as shown in Figure 1, are grouped about the idlerpulley 28 so that normally they are positioned outside the processingtank. However, when the belt 20 is run continuously in either directionthe cleats 32 will be carried through the tank and carry the workpiecestherein out and over one of the pulleys l8 and thereby discharge themfrom the tank.

For electro processing cycles, there is a cathode 34 carried on the tankand extending downwardly therein and across the bottom space apredetermined distance above the belt 20.

The vertical portion of the cathode 34 is preferably coated by a rubberor other insulating composition as at 36, while the horizontal portionthereof extending across the bottom of the tank is left uncoated formaking electrical contact with the workpieces in the tank.

Also suspended in the tank are a plurality of anodes 38 which are of thematerial which it is desired to plate on the workpieces in the tank. Thesuspension of the cathode and anodes in the tank are by customarymethods and it will be understood that they are electrically insulatedfrom each other and from the tank.

For example, Figure 3 shows the support for the cathode and it will beevident that the cathode bus bar 40 is in electrical contact with thecathode 34 but is insulated from the tank I!) by means of the insulatingsleeves, bushings, and washers generally indicated at 42.

Similarly, the hanger rod 44 for the anodes is in electrical contactwith its bus bar 46 but is insulated from the tank H) by the insulatingmaterial indicated at 48 in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 'l the anodes38 are positioned in tank trically isolated from the pipes 52.

To complete the isolating of the tank from other parts of the apparatus,the, journals in which the roller shafts l6 are mounted, and thesupporting frame work 58 for the tank, are both connected with the saidtank as illustrated in Figure 6 wherein the insulating bushings andwashers 60 effectively electrically isolate the connected members.

As will be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the pulleys l8 are adapted for beingdriven by a motor 62 which has an output pulley 64 connected by a belt66 with a pulley 6B which is connected to drive through a gear reductionunit 10 into the pulley shaft at the motor end of the machine.

For driving the pulley shaft at the opposite end of the machine there isa second gear unit 12 which is connected with the unit 10 by the jointedshaft 14.

The speed of operation of the pulley shafts is adjustable by the screwmeans 16 which is rotatable for vertically adjusting the position of themotor 62. When the motor 62 is so adjusted the pulley 64, and which isany of several well known types of variable speed pulleys, automaticallyadjusts the distance between its opposite faces to permit the belt 66 torun on a greater or smaller diameter thereof.

In operation, a quantity of the proper electro- V lyte is placed in thetank and anodes of the proper material are mounted on the anode hangers.Thereafter a quanity of small workpieces in bulk are placed within thetank as indicated by the outline marked 18 in Figure 1.

The temperature of the electrolyte is adjusted if desired by steam orcooling water which is passed through the pipe 50 and the generator 80connected between the cathode and the anode is then started or connectedto the cathode and anode to supply the proper current and voltagethereto.

The motor 62 is conveyor belt and, as will be more fully explainedhereinafter, operates to oscillate the belt between predeterminedlimits.

During the oscillation of the belt the workpieces will be carried upeach side of the tank and then will roll back toward the bottom of thetank due to the angular incline of the conveyor belt. It will be evidentthat this will cause all of the surface of all of the workpieces at onetime then energized to drive the or another to be exposed to the anodesand therefore to be plated by the material therefrom.

After a predetermined number of oscillations of the belt and duringwhich time all of the workpieces are plated all over, the belt ispermitted to run continuously in one direction thereby to carry theunloading cleats. 32 through the tank and to carry the, workpieces fromthe tank. When the workpieces have been carried from the tank a newsupply of workpieces can be placed in position and a new plating cyclecommenced.

As shown in Figure 9, the pulley at the discharge end of the machine canbe elevated and extended by means of the brackets 80 and 82 and a slideor chute 84 mounted in such a position thatthe workpieces beingdischarged from one tank will be received in the next. By thearrangement shown in Figure 9 as many plating steps as desired can becarried out and the workpieces are only handled at the inlet anddischarge end of the machine.

7 The unloading cleats are preferably perforated or otherwise open tothe passage of the solution therethrough so that the solution will notbe displaced from the tank when the workpieces are discharged therefrom.I This may be accomplished by forming the cleats integrally with thebelt and perforating them, or by providing the belt with lugs asindicated at 86 in Figures 7 and 8 and to which can be attached a cleatmember such as the perforated wooden bar 38 in Figure 'l or the screenmember 90 in Figure 8.

Inasmuch as electrolyte solutions sometimes are rather oily or slimy, itmay be desirable to provide means for making the engagementof thepulleys I8 with the conveyor belt more positive. Means for accomplishingthis are shown in Figures 11 and 12.

In Figure 11 the belt 20 is shown as being cogged as at 92 on theunderneath side while the pulley I8 is formed with the cogs 94. By thisengagement of the conveyor belt by the pulley there will be no slippingtherebetween.

In Figure 12 the pulley I8 is shown as having a knurled or roughenedsurface 96 which engages the underneath side of the belt 20.

For less severe service the Figure 12 arrangement will provide a moreeconomical manner of providing adequate driving engagement of the belt2!) by its supporting pulleys.

In some instances it may be desirable to manifold the tanks into pairsas shown in Figure 10. In Figure 10 there are the tanks 98 and use whichare arranged end to end so that a single pulley IE2 therebetweensuflices for supporting the conveyor belt. Because of this a singleconveyor belt I04 can be employed which passes through both of the tanksand then extends across beneath the tanks.

In the Figure 10 arrangement the workpieces in each of the tanks areprocessed simultaneously and thereafter when the workpieces aredischarged from one of the tanks, the workpieces in the other of'saidtanks are transferred to the said one tank for a further operationthereof.

The control of the motor 62 for any of the modifications of Figures 1, 9or 10 can be accomplished by the electrical circuit diagrammaticallyillustrated in Figure 13.

In Figure 13 the motor 32, and which is of the electrically reversibletype, is shown as connected between the power lines LI and L2.

For controlling the connection of the motor 52 to the power line L!through either the wire Hi6 which will cause it to operate in onedirection, or through the wire I08 which will cause it to operate in theother direction, there are a plurality of relays indicated at A, B, Cand D.

The relay at A is adapted for being energized upon the closure of alimit switch LSI, which is shown in Figure 1 and which is positioned tobe actuated by the unloading cleat 32a as the belt oscillates in adirection to carry the said cleat upwardly toward the said limit switch.

When the relay A is so energized, a holding circuit therefor isestablished through the branch line H0 through the normally closed bladeBl of the relay B and the blade Al of the relay A which is closed whenthe said relay is energized.

Energiz'ation the relay. .A also 'open'sthe blade A2 thereof which willdeenergize the relay B if the same is energized at that time, and alsocloses blade A3 which will complete a circuit through the relay coil C.

Energization of relay will bring about the closing of the blade CIthereof in the line I06 and the opening of the blade C2 thereof in theline I08.

As previously mentioned energization of relay A will bring aboutde-e'nergi'zation of the relay B if the same is energized therebyclosing the blade BI thereof and opening the'blad'es B2 and B3 thereof.The blade B3 is in circuit with the relay D and upon being opened deenergizes the said relay. However, the relay D is by-passed by the timedelay circuit including the rheostat H2 and the condenser H4 and willonly open after a predetermined time delay.

When the relay D becomes fully deenergized and opens it closes the bladeDI thereof and opens the blade D2. Closure of the blade DI, since theblade CI is now closed, will energize the motor 62 through the line I66to cause it to run in one direction.

The direction in which the motor 62 now runs Will be such that the beltwill be reversed to move the cleat 32a downwardly from the switch LSI,and rotation of the motor in this direction will continue until thecleat 32b actuates the limit switch LS2.

Closure of the limit switch LS2 energizes the relay Bv to open the bladeBI thereof thereby de-energizing the relay A; to close the blade 33?thereof thereby providing a holding circuit for the relay B; and toclose the blade B3 thereof thereby energizing the relay D.

Energization of D will open the blade Di and close the blade D2 thereof.Opening of the blade DI will interrupt the circuit through the line I65and de-energize the motor 62.

As mentioned above the relay A is de-energized and therefore the bladeA3 thereof is opened to interrupt the circuit to relay C. However, dueto the resistor IIS and the condenser H8 connected in parallel with thecoil of relay C, the said relay will not be de-energized until after apredetermined period of time. Thus, the blade CI of the relay C does notopen immediately and the blade C2 thereof does not close immediately.The motor 62 thus remains de-energized for a period of time and thisperiod of time is calculated to permit the motor to coast tosubstantially a halted position.

After the time delay has expired and the relay C drops out the blade C2thereof closes and establishes a circuit for the motor 62 through theline I08.

The purpose of the time delay circuits is to prevent the belt 20 frombeing reversed too suddenly which would place an undue strain not onlyon the belt but the pulley shafts and the gear units connectedtherewith.

When it is desired to unload the tank, the push button switch Hill isheld open until all of the cleats 32 have passed the limit switch LSI.This prevents energization of relay A and permits the relay B to remainenergized so the motor 32 is not reversed. After all of the cleats havepassed the limit switch LSI the push button I28 may be released andthereupon the belt will continue to run until the cleat 32a againapproaches the limit switch LSI and actuates it into closed position.

From the foregoing it will be evident that this invention provides for:a rocessing unit which can be arranged individually or in multiple forprocessing workpie'ees through baths including electroplating baths andthat the arrangement is such that small workpieces such as nuts, bolts,and so-forth, which ordinarily are very difficult to processsatisfactorily, can be handled with ease and adequately processed andplated at a rapid rate.

arrangement-of this feature is also adapted for plating cycles includingmultiple baths and plating steps as will be seen from the arrangementshown in Figures 14 and 15.

In Figures 14 and 15 there is'a first series 'of tanks indicated at I22which may be individual units in the mannerof Figure 9, or manifoldeclunits as shown in Figure 10 and wherein the workpieces are successivelyconveyed through a plurality of stations which may include alkali andacid treatments, a wash, and a final plating ste as, for example, acopper plating.

The arrangement in Figures 1a and 15 has a second group of tanks at E24arranged in parallel and wherein a second plating step, as, for example,a nickel plating cycle is carried out. Since the nickel plating cycle isof much greater duration than the treatment given the workpieces as thetanks at I22, the said workpieces are unloaded at the left end of thelast of the tanks I22 andare then divided into the four tanks at I24.The workpieces which are discharged from the tanks I24 are then againplaced together and passed through the tanks at I26 which compriseneutralizing and washing baths.

The entire processing cycle to be carried out in the arrangement shownin Figures 14 and 15 can be accomplished with ease and with a minimum ofhandling of the work members and all of the tanks are substantiallyidentical units. Thus, as many or as few tanks can be employed as it isnecessary or desirable, and any arrangement thereof which is bestsuitable to the particular work cycle being carried out can be made.

It will be noted that the path between the anodes and the workpieces inthe machine of this invention is not restricted by any interposed wallas in the case of the barrel type machines. Thus, a plating cyclerequiring from 2 to 3 volts can be carried out by supplying a 6-voltgenerator and employing the usual type rheost-at for controlling therate of current flow.

As mentioned before, a similar plating arrangement employing a barreltype machine would probably require a 12-volt current supply.

The difference in cost between 6 and l2-volt generators in a 500 amperesize would be 'sub stant-ial and, accordingly, the arrangement of thisinvention offers definite advantages in the cost of the originalequipment.

It will be understood that this invention is susoeptible to modificationin order to adapt it to different usages and conditions and,accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modifications within thisinvention may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a processing machine, a tank for holding a processing liquid, abelt extending through the tank and around the tank and carrying workagitating means'on that portion of the belt nor mally in the tank,members on said belt normally positioned outside of said tank,reversible driving means for driving said belt to agitate workpiecesthereon in the tank, and means outside said tank actuated by saidmembers for automatically re- 9 versing said driving means uponpredetermined movement in either direction.

2. In a processing machine, atank for holding a processing liquid, abelt extending through the tank and around the tank and carrying workagitating means on that portion of the belt nor mally in the members onsaid belt normally positioned outside of said tank, reversible drivingmeans for driving said belt to agitate workpieces thereon in the tank,means outside said tank actuated by said members for automaticallyreversing said driving means upon predetermined movement in eitherdirection, and means selectively operable for biasing the direction ofbelt movement.

3. In a processing machine, a tank for holding a processing liquid, abelt extending through said tank along a V-shaped path for supportingworkpieces beneath the surface of the liquid and ex-' tending aroundsaid tank and carrying work agitating means on that portion of the beltnormally in the tank, members on said belt normally positioned outsideof said tank, means outside said tank actuated by said members forautomatically reversing said driving means upon predetermined movementin either direction, and time delay means controlling the energizing ofthe driving means during automatic reversing.

4. In a processing machine, a tank for holding a processing liquid, abelt extending through said tank and around said tank and carrying workagitating means on that portion of the belt normally in the tank, cleatson said belt normally positioned outside of said tank, reversibledriving means for driving said belt to agitate workpieces thereon in thetank, means outside said tank actuated by said cleats for automaticallyreversing said driving means upon predetermined movement in eitherdirection, and means selectively operable for biasing the direction ofbelt movement for unloading workpieces through passage of cleats throughsaid tank.

5. In a processing machine, a pair of tanks for holdin processing liquidarranged side by side so that workpieces discharged from a first tankare directed into the second tank, a belt extending through each of saidtanks along a V-shaped path for supporting workpieces beneath thesurface of the liquid and extending around each of said tanks andcarrying work agitating means on those portions of the belt normally inthe tanks, hold down means in each of said tanks engaging said belts attheir upper surface edges for guiding said belts along said path, cleatson said belt normally positioned outside said tank, reversible drivingmeans for driving said belt to agitate workpieces thereon inithe tank,means outside said tank actuated by said cleats for automatiincluding acathode extending approximately the width of said tank and spaced abovesaid belt at' the apex thereof to contact workpieces thereon, reversibledriving means for said pulleys, cleats on said belt normally positionedoutside said tank, means outside said tank actuated by said cleats forautomatically reversing said driving means upon predetermined movementin either direction, and means selectively operable for causing beltmovement in one direction whereby the cleats pass through the bath tocarry the workpieces in the tank out over one of the pulleys.

' 7. In an electro-processing machine for handling small workpieces inbulk, a V-shaped tank, pulleys mounted on parallel axes at the ends ofsaid tank, a belt extending over said pulleys and through said tankfollowing the contour thereof and extending around said tank, said beltcarrying work agitating means on that portion of the belt normally inthe tank including a corrugated upper surface and side parts definingworkpiece retaining troughs, electrodes in said tank including a cathodeextending across the bottom thereof and spaced above said belt, cleatson said belt extending transverse to the average belt surface which isfaced upwardly in the bathand normally positioned outside of said tank,reversible driving means for driving said belt to agitate workpiecesthereon and around said cathode, means outside said tank actuated bysaid cleats for automatically reversing said driving means uponpredetermined movement in either direction, means selectively operableto drive said belt continuously in one direction whereby said cleatssupport workpieces on the belt to move them to a discharge point, andmeans for preventing slippage between said pulley means and saidconveyor belt.

8. In an electro-processing machine, a tank for holding an electrolyte,a belt extending in a V-shaped path through said tank and around saidtank and carrying work agitating means on that portion of the beltnormally in the tank, electrodes in said tank including a cathodeextending across the bottom thereof and spaced above said belt, cleatson said belt extending transverse to the average belt surface which isfaced upwardl in the. bath and normally positioned outside of said tank,reversible driving means for driving said belt to agitate workpiecesthereon and around said cathode, means outside said tank actuated bysaid cleats for automatically reversing said driving means uponpredetermined movement in either direction, and means selectivelyoperable to drive said belt continuously in one direction whereby saidcleats support workpieces on the belt to move them to a discharge point.

9. In an electro-processing machine for handling small workpieces inbulk, a V-shaped tank, pulleys .mounted on parallel axes at the ends ofsaid tank, a belt extending over said pulleys and through said tankfollowing the contour there of and extending around said tank said beltcarrying work agitating means on that portion of thebelt normally in thetank including a corrugated upper surface and side parts definingworkpiece retaining troughs, electrodes in said tank including a cathodeextending across the bottom thereof and spaced above said belt, cleatson said belt extending transverse to the average belt surface which isfaced upwardly in the bath and normally positioned outside of said tank,reversible driving meansfor driving said belt to agitate workpiecesthereon and around said cath ode, means outside said tank actuated bysaid cleats for automatically reversing said driving means uponpredetermined movement in either 11 direction, and means selectivelyoperable to drive said belt continuously in one direction whereby saidcleats support workpieces on the belt to move them to a discharge point.

ALBERT H. HANNON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file 015this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 393,170 McMurray Nov. 20, 1888545,429 Lewis Aug. 27, 1895 644,498 Cook Feb. 27, 1900 854,626 Bleisdell-1 May 21, 1907 Number Number 1 P Great Britain 2- of 1895

